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KMID : 1007020050030010007
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Korean Soceity of Osteroporosis
2005 Volume.3 No. 1 p.7 ~ p.34
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Osteoporosis Epidemiology
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Cho Nam-Han
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Abstract
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Objectives: To evaluate osteoporosis, osteoporotic fracture rates, and related risk factors in Korean population.
Methods: This epidemiology study comprised of the four different methods. 1) The community cohort prospective study, a total of 10,038, 40-69 years old subjects(male=4,762, female=5,276) from both urban and rural regions were recruited; all of them underwent Quantitative Ultrasound(QUS) measurements at Radius and Tibia to diagnose osteoporosis. WHO criteria were used to interpret the QUS results for diagnose of osteoporosis. Standardized method including QUS measuring device and questionnaire was used by the trained researchers Community survey of 36 regions, a total of 24,000 subjects(3 days after birth-95 years old) tibia SoS were measures by the QUS. Hospital cohort of 1,000 subjects hip and spine BMD was measured using DEXA. Osteoporotic fracture rate was analyzed using the National Health Insurance data from 1999∼2003.
Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis at tibia was 11.3%(male=2%, female=20%), and at radius 5% (male=2.3%, female=7.5%). The annual incidence of tibial osteoporosis was 4.1%(male=0.75%, female= 7.8%), and at radius 3.1%(male=0.9%, female=5.2%). There was a clear gender differences, high in females, in both prevalence and incidence in all types of osteoporosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, female, living in rural area, BMI, total protein(-), r-GTP, calcium consumption(-), blood calcium level, Na level, Iodine level(-), vitamin C consumptions were independently associated with tibia osteoporosis. Similar relationship was also observed at radius, age, female, living in rural area, BMI, 2 hour blood glucose(-), blood calcium level. Based on the National Medical Insurance data, we observed osteoporotic hip fracture rate increase 133.2% in females, and 85.2% in males between 1999 to year 2003. Furthermore, osteoporotic spine fracture rates also increase 159.6% in femlaes, and 124.5% in males between the two periods. The hip fracture prevalence of the community cohort was 219/ 100,000(male=168/100,000, female=265/100,000). Two years cumulative hip fracture incidence was 1/8,330(female=12/100,000, no males cases). Multiple logistic regression revealed that the fracture was independently associated with smoking, age, female gender, living in rural area, and platelet level.
Conclusion: Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are high in Korea and the rates are continue to increase. Therefore, early diagnosis, intensive treatment and prevention are essential in order to control osteoporosis epidemic in Korea.
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KEYWORD
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Osteoporosis, Prevalence, Incidence, Fracture, Risk, Factor
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